Anxiety & SleepUpdated 2026-07-06·25 min read

Magnesium Glycinate: Sleep, Anxiety & Stress — What the Evidence Shows

Evidence-based guide to magnesium glycinate for sleep, anxiety, and stress. Covers dosage (200-400 mg), GABA mechanisms, forms comparison, and what clinical trials actually found.

Written by WillLast reviewed 2026-07-0614 cited sourcesEvidence standards

Scientific VerdictYes

Best for

Stress-related insomnia
Nighttime muscle tension or jaw clenching
Mild anxiety
A likely dietary magnesium shortfall

Not ideal for

A fast, same-night sleeping pill
Severe or primary insomnia (sleep apnea, restless legs)
Kidney disease without medical supervision

Evidence confidence: Moderate
Expected onset: Glycine calm within ~1 hr; full effect over 2–4 weeks
Give it: 2–4 weeks

Bottom line:

Magnesium glycinate is a low-risk, well-absorbed first pick for stress- and tension-related sleep problems. It is not a sedative — it works best when a deficiency or an overactive nervous system is part of the picture, and it pairs well with better sleep habits rather than replacing them.

At a Glance

Magnesium is a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions — including several directly involved in sleep regulation, stress response, and neurotransmitter function. Yet national dietary surveys consistently find that 50–60% of US adults consume less than the Estimated Average Requirement (Rosanoff 2012). Magnesium glycinate (magnesium chelated to the amino acid glycine) is the preferred form for neurological and sleep applications because it delivers high absorption with minimal GI side effects — and glycine itself is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that independently improves sleep quality.

Article table
Question	Answer
Best fit	Stress-related insomnia, muscle tension, jaw clenching, anxiety, probable dietary deficiency
Evidence level	Moderate for sleep quality and anxiety reduction
Typical dose	200–400 mg elemental magnesium, 30–60 min before bed
Why glycinate specifically?	High absorption (25–40%), minimal laxative effect, glycine adds independent sleep benefit
Onset	Some notice sleep improvement night 1; full effects over 2–4 weeks as intracellular stores replete
Main caution	Kidney disease (GFR < 30 mL/min) — avoid without medical supervision
Cost	$10–20/month at effective doses — one of the most affordable evidence-based sleep supplements

What to Expect: A Detailed Timeline

Magnesium glycinate corrects a nutritional deficiency — not a neurotransmitter imbalance targeted by a drug. That means the timeline reflects gradual tissue repletion rather than acute pharmacology.

Article table
Timeframe	What you might notice	What's happening physiologically
Night 1	Mild relaxation within ~1 hour. Some people fall asleep faster. The glycine component provides acute calming — this is the fastest-acting element.	Glycine binds to glycine receptors in the brainstem and spinal cord, producing mild inhibitory signaling. Magnesium begins distributing to extracellular fluid.
Week 1	Sleep onset improves. Less muscle tension at night — jaw unclenching, shoulders dropping. If loose stool occurs, reduce dose (this is rarer with glycinate than with other forms but can happen at higher doses).	Intracellular magnesium levels begin rising. NMDA receptor blockade increases, reducing nocturnal neural excitability.
Week 2–4	Sleep quality consolidates. Fewer 3 AM awakenings — magnesium's GABA-enhancing effects help maintain sleep architecture through the night. Morning anxiety may decrease as HPA axis tone normalizes. Those with genuine magnesium deficiency see the biggest changes here.	Tissue magnesium stores approach repletion. GABA-A receptor density normalizes. Cortisol diurnal rhythm begins to re-establish healthy pattern.
Month 2+	Effects plateau at whatever level your individual magnesium status supports. Some taper to a lower maintenance dose (100–200 mg). Those combining with L-theanine or ashwagandha may notice synergistic effects.	Magnesium homeostasis is achieved. Further supplementation maintains rather than increases status.

If you feel nothing after 4 weeks: you may not be magnesium deficient. Magnesium works best when there's an actual deficiency to correct — it's not a drug that overrides normal physiology. Consider whether your sleep issue is behavioral (caffeine timing, screen use, inconsistent schedule), environmental (noise, light, temperature), or pathological (sleep apnea, restless legs). A magnesium RBC (red blood cell) test can confirm deficiency more reliably than serum magnesium, which is tightly regulated.

What Magnesium Glycinate Actually Feels Like

Magnesium glycinate is subtle — more like a gentle nudge toward relaxation than a shove into sleep. Unlike sedative-hypnotics that impose sleep, magnesium enables the physiological conditions your body needs to transition naturally.

People who benefit describe it as:

"I still need to wind down, but once I'm in bed, I actually stay asleep through the night"
"My jaw isn't clenched when I wake up anymore — I didn't even realize I was doing it"
"That 3 AM anxious awakening with a racing heart stopped happening within the first week"
"I didn't think it was working until I ran out and my sleep fell apart within 3 days"

What it is not:

A sleeping pill — won't override caffeine, acute stress, or a racing mind
A sedative — won't make you drowsy during the day at therapeutic doses
A quick fix — correcting a mineral deficiency takes weeks, not hours
A substitute for sleep hygiene — it enables better sleep physiology; it doesn't manufacture sleep from nothing

Best Use Cases

Magnesium glycinate is a foundational, low-cost pick for a few clear situations:

Stress-related insomnia — trouble falling or staying asleep when you're wound up. It pairs naturally with a full sleep routine.
Nighttime muscle tension — jaw clenching, tight shoulders, or leg cramps that surface at night.
Mild anxiety and everyday stress — especially if your diet is low in magnesium, which is common.
Correcting a likely dietary shortfall — more than half of US adults fall short of the recommended magnesium intake.

It is not a focus or energy supplement, and it won't override caffeine, acute stress, or a sleep disorder like apnea.

For Sleep

Strength of evidence: Moderate — RCTs and meta-analyses in insomnia (Abbasi 2012, Mah 2021)
Protocol: 200–400 mg elemental magnesium (as glycinate), 30–60 minutes before bed
What to track: Time to fall asleep, 3 AM awakenings, nighttime jaw/muscle tension, morning grogginess (there should be none)
Expected result: Easier sleep onset and steadier sleep through the night, building over 2–4 weeks

The glycine bound to the magnesium is itself a calming neurotransmitter that lowers core body temperature and supports sleep, which is why glycinate outperforms other forms here. For a ready-made combination, see the magnesium + L-theanine sleep stack, and the full sleep guide for the wider toolkit.

For Anxiety & Stress

Strength of evidence: Moderate for mild anxiety; strongest when magnesium status is low
Protocol: 200 mg morning + 200 mg evening for daytime coverage, or a single evening dose
What to track: Baseline tension, stress reactivity, sleep knock-on effects
Expected result: A gradual easing of everyday stress and mild anxiety over 4+ weeks — a low-risk adjunct, not a replacement for treating a diagnosed anxiety disorder

A systematic review found reduced anxiety in 12 of 18 trials, strongest at 200–400 mg/day for at least four weeks (Boyle 2017). Because magnesium and cortisol deplete each other in a feedback loop (Pickering 2020), correcting a shortfall can help settle an overactive stress response. For chronic, cortisol-driven stress, it stacks well with ashwagandha; for acute, in-the-moment nerves, pair it with fast-acting L-theanine.

The Clinical Evidence: Study-by-Study

Key finding: Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses show magnesium improves sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and anxiety scores. Effect sizes are moderate but clinically meaningful — comparable to the benefits of improved sleep hygiene or low-dose melatonin — without dependency, tolerance, or morning hangover.

Evidence Summary Table

Article table
Study	Design	n	Population	Duration	Dose/Form	Primary Outcomes	Quality
Abbasi 2012	RCT, DB, PC	46	Elderly with primary insomnia (mean age 65)	8 weeks	500 mg elemental (oxide)	Sleep latency –17 min; sleep efficiency ↑; insomnia severity ↓; cortisol ↓; melatonin ↑	Moderate
Mah 2021	Meta-analysis	~400 pooled	Older adults with insomnia	4–8 weeks	Mixed forms	Sleep efficiency ↑; sleep onset latency ↓; early morning awakening ↓; ISI scores ↓	Moderate
Boyle 2017	Systematic review	~2,000 pooled	Mixed populations	4–12 weeks	Mixed forms	12/18 studies: anxiety significantly ↓; strongest at 200–400 mg/day × 4+ weeks	Moderate
Tarleton 2017	RCT, crossover	126	Adults with mild-moderate depression + low Mg intake	6 weeks per phase	248 mg elemental (chloride)	PHQ-9 depression scores –6.0 points vs –0.9 placebo (P<0.001); effect within 2 weeks	Moderate-high
Pickering 2020	Narrative review	N/A	Stressed populations	N/A	Mixed	Confirmed bidirectional Mg-cortisol relationship; stress depletes Mg, low Mg amplifies stress	Moderate (mechanistic)

The Landmark Sleep Trial: Abbasi 2012

46 Iranian adults (mean age 65) with clinically documented primary insomnia were randomized to 500 mg elemental magnesium daily (as magnesium oxide) or placebo for 8 weeks. This is the most rigorous single-trial evidence for magnesium as a sleep intervention.

Results:

Sleep onset latency: Reduced by a mean of 17.3 minutes in the magnesium group
Sleep efficiency: Significantly improved (percentage of time in bed actually asleep)
Total sleep time: Increased significantly
Serum cortisol: Decreased significantly — consistent with HPA axis modulation
Serum renin: Decreased — further supporting reduced sympathetic activation
Serum melatonin: Increased — magnesium is a cofactor for enzymes in melatonin synthesis
Insomnia Severity Index: Significantly improved

Methodological note: This trial used magnesium oxide — the form with the worst absorption (~4%). Head-to-head bioavailability work found the diglycinate (glycinate) chelate is absorbed substantially better than oxide (Lindberg 1990). The fact that significant effects were achieved despite poor bioavailability strongly suggests a glycinate formulation at equivalent elemental doses would produce equal or superior results. This is the most common critique of the magnesium sleep literature: the best-designed trials used the worst-absorbed form.

Anxiety: Boyle 2017 Systematic Review

Boyle, Lawton, and Dye systematically reviewed 18 randomized studies examining magnesium supplementation and anxiety. Key findings:

12 of 18 studies showed significant anxiety reduction with magnesium
The most consistent effects came from 200–400 mg/day for 4+ weeks
Benefits were most pronounced in populations with probable or documented magnesium deficiency
Effect sizes were moderate — not comparable to prescription anxiolytics, but clinically meaningful as a low-risk adjunct
Heterogeneity in magnesium forms, doses, populations, and outcome measures limited meta-analytic pooling

The review concluded that magnesium supplementation "may be beneficial for mild anxiety" and is "a reasonable low-risk adjunct" particularly for individuals with dietary deficiency — a conclusion that accurately reflects both the evidence and the appropriate clinical positioning.

Depression: Tarleton 2017 Crossover Trial

126 American adults with mild-to-moderate depression (PHQ-9 scores 5–19) and self-reported low dietary magnesium intake were randomized in a crossover design to 248 mg elemental magnesium daily (as magnesium chloride) or placebo for 6 weeks per phase.

Key results:

PHQ-9 scores: Decreased by 6.0 points during the magnesium phase vs. 0.9 points during placebo (P < 0.001)
Effect onset: Measurable improvements within 2 weeks — faster than the typical 4–6 week antidepressant onset
Effect independence: Benefits did not differ by baseline magnesium status, age, sex, or concurrent antidepressant use
Tolerability: Magnesium chloride was well-tolerated at 248 mg/day; GI side effects were minimal

This is one of the more methodologically robust nutrient-mood trials. The crossover design (each participant serves as their own control) eliminates between-subject variability. The rapid onset (2 weeks) is mechanistically consistent with NMDA receptor modulation — the same mechanism through which ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects, albeit at a much lower magnitude.

The Deficiency Problem: Rosanoff 2012

Rosanoff, Weaver, and Rude conducted a sweeping analysis of NHANES dietary data spanning four decades. Their findings are the epidemiological foundation for magnesium supplementation:

>50% of US adults consume less magnesium than the Estimated Average Requirement
Large segments of adolescents, elderly, and female populations consume only 60–70% of the EAR
Population magnesium intake has trended steadily downward over 40 years, tracking the rise of processed-food diets
Modern agricultural soil depletion has reduced magnesium content in crops by an estimated 15–25% compared to mid-20th century values
Refined grains lose up to 80% of their magnesium content during processing

The clinical implication: most people considering magnesium supplementation are not taking a drug — they're correcting a genuine nutritional gap. This fundamentally changes the risk-benefit calculus compared to pharmacological sleep or anxiety interventions.

How strong is the evidence?Moderate

Why not higher

The strongest sleep and anxiety effects are in people who were low in magnesium to begin with
Trials use different forms, doses, and populations, and many are small
Little head-to-head data compares glycinate specifically against other forms

Why not lower

Multiple human trials support benefits for sleep quality and stress
The biological role of magnesium in the nervous system is well understood
Deficiency is genuinely common, and the safety and cost profile is very favorable

Practical takeaway: A low-risk, affordable first step worth a 2–4 week trial — especially if your diet is light on magnesium. It supports better sleep habits rather than replacing them, and it is not a treatment for primary insomnia or a diagnosed anxiety disorder.

Forms Comparison: Every Magnesium, Ranked

Article table
Form	Elemental Mg %	Absorption	GI Tolerability	Best Clinical Use	Cost
Magnesium glycinate	~14–18%	Very good (25–40%)	Excellent — minimal laxative effect even at 400 mg elemental	Sleep, anxiety, stress, PMS, migraine prophylaxis, high-dose sustained use	$$
Magnesium threonate	~7–8%	Good (brain-targeted)	Good	Cognitive function, hippocampal plasticity; crosses BBB more effectively in animal models	$$$$
Magnesium taurate	~9%	Good	Very good	Cardiovascular; taurine adds cardioprotective effects	$$$
Magnesium malate	~11%	Good	Good	Muscle fatigue, fibromyalgia; malic acid supports ATP production	$$
Magnesium citrate	~16%	Good (20–30%)	Moderate (laxative at >200 mg)	Constipation; budget option if GI tolerated	$
Magnesium chloride	~12%	Good	Moderate	Topical (spray, bath); oral use in some clinical trials	$
Magnesium oxide	~60%	Poor (≤4%)	Poor (strong laxative)	Constipation only; do not use for sleep — bioavailability too low	$
Magnesium sulfate	~10%	Poor orally	Poor (strong laxative)	IV (eclampsia, arrhythmia); Epsom salt baths (transdermal absorption debated)	$

The practical hierarchy for sleep and anxiety:

Glycinate — gold standard. Best absorption-to-tolerability ratio. Glycine synergy.
Threonate — interesting for cognition but significantly more expensive per mg of elemental magnesium. Animal data on brain penetration is impressive; human comparative sleep data vs. glycinate is limited.
Citrate — reasonable budget alternative if you can tolerate the GI effects at effective doses (200+ mg elemental)
Everything else — not optimized for sleep. Oxide is effectively useless for this purpose despite being the most common form in drugstore "magnesium" products.

Dosage and Timing

How Much to Take

The effective range from clinical trials: 200–400 mg elemental magnesium per day. Since magnesium glycinate is ~14–18% elemental magnesium by weight, this translates to:

Article table
Target elemental dose	Magnesium glycinate (compound weight)	Typical capsule equivalent
200 mg	~1,100–1,400 mg	1–2 capsules
300 mg	~1,700–2,100 mg	2–3 capsules
400 mg	~2,200–2,900 mg	3–4 capsules

How to read labels: Many magnesium glycinate products list the compound weight on the front (e.g., "1,000 mg magnesium glycinate") and the elemental magnesium in the Supplement Facts panel (e.g., "Magnesium (as magnesium glycinate) 140 mg"). Dose based on the elemental number, not the compound weight.

Timing Protocol

Article table
Goal	Protocol	Rationale
Sleep onset difficulty	200–400 mg elemental, 30–60 min before bed	Glycine component works within 30–60 min; magnesium's GABAergic effects support sleep architecture through the night
Sleep maintenance (3 AM awakenings)	200–400 mg elemental with dinner (1–2 hours before bed)	Earlier dosing allows magnesium to reach peak CNS concentrations by the time nocturnal awakenings typically occur
Daytime anxiety	200 mg morning + 200 mg evening	Split dosing provides more consistent GABAergic and NMDA-modulating tone throughout the day
Muscle tension / jaw clenching	200–400 mg evening dose	Magnesium's calcium-channel-blocking effect reduces baseline muscle tone during sleep when clenching occurs

Starting Protocol

Week 1: Start at 200 mg elemental magnesium (as glycinate) with dinner or 30–60 minutes before bed. This allows assessment of individual GI tolerability and initial sleep response.

Week 2: Increase to 400 mg if 200 mg was well-tolerated and sleep response was partial. If morning grogginess occurs, move the dose earlier (with dinner rather than right before bed).

Week 4: Assess. If sleep has improved meaningfully, maintain at the effective dose. If no improvement, magnesium deficiency is unlikely to be the primary driver of your sleep issue — consider behavioral interventions, sleep study (if apnea is suspected), or other supplement pathways.

Common mistakes

Buying magnesium oxide for sleep
Why it matters: Oxide is the most common drugstore form but is barely absorbed (~4%) and mostly acts as a laxative.
Better: Choose glycinate (or citrate if budget-limited) and dose by elemental magnesium.
Dosing by the big number on the front of the bottle
Why it matters: "1,000 mg magnesium glycinate" may contain only ~140 mg of actual elemental magnesium.
Better: Read the Supplement Facts panel and target 200–400 mg elemental.
Quitting after two or three nights
Why it matters: Beyond the first-night glycine calm, the real benefits build as tissue stores replete over weeks.
Better: Give it a consistent 2–4 week trial before judging it.
Expecting a sleeping-pill effect
Why it matters: Magnesium enables better sleep physiology; it will not override caffeine, stress, or a sleep disorder.
Better: Pair it with sleep hygiene and match it to tension/deficiency-driven sleep problems.

Beyond Sleep & Anxiety: Magnesium's Full Application Spectrum

Magnesium glycinate's benefits extend past sleep and anxiety, but these are secondary applications with varying evidence strength.

Article table
Application	Evidence	Protocol	Magnitude of Effect
Blood pressure	Meta-analysis of 34 RCTs (Zhang 2016): –2.0 mmHg systolic, –1.8 diastolic at 368 mg/day median dose	300–400 mg/day for 3+ months	Modest but real — a 2 mmHg population-wide systolic reduction would reduce stroke mortality ~10%
Migraine prevention	Peikert 1996 (RCT, n=81): attack frequency –41.6% vs –15.8% placebo at 3 months	400–600 mg/day elemental	Comparable to some prescription preventives; American Academy of Neurology and American Headache Society recommend as first-line option
Depression (mild-moderate)	Tarleton 2017 (crossover, n=126): PHQ-9 –6.0 points vs –0.9 placebo at 6 weeks	248 mg/day elemental	Effect size comparable to some SSRIs in mild depression; onset within 2 weeks
PMS	Facchinetti 1991 (RCT): significant mood symptom reduction	200–400 mg/day throughout cycle	Addresses anxiety, sleep, and mood symptoms simultaneously in PMS-overlap populations
Exercise recovery	Athletes lose magnesium through sweat and urine and have 10–20% higher requirements; supplementation may lower post-exercise cortisol	300–400 mg/day	Evidence is preliminary and mostly in athletes with low baseline status
Insulin sensitivity	Rodríguez-Morán & Guerrero-Romero 2003 (RCT in T2DM with hypomagnesemia): improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control (fasting glucose and HbA1c)	300 mg/day elemental	Addresses deficiency-driven insulin resistance; not a diabetes monotherapy
Bone density	~60% of body magnesium is stored in bone; deficiency impairs the mineral matrix that supports bone density	200–400 mg/day	Take evening (separate from morning calcium for optimal absorption of both)

The Vitamin D-Magnesium Connection

Magnesium and vitamin D have a bidirectional dependency that is clinically underappreciated (Uwitonze 2018). Magnesium is a required cofactor for both the hepatic 25-hydroxylation and renal 1α-hydroxylation steps that convert vitamin D precursors into active calcitriol. Without adequate magnesium, vitamin D supplementation — regardless of dose — cannot be fully activated. This means that individuals supplementing vitamin D without ensuring adequate magnesium may have "vitamin D resistance" — unexpectedly low 25(OH)D levels despite consistent supplementation — that resolves with magnesium repletion.

How to Choose a Magnesium Glycinate Product

Must-have on the label:

"Magnesium glycinate" or "magnesium bisglycinate" explicitly stated — not just "magnesium chelate" or "magnesium amino acid chelate"
Elemental magnesium per serving clearly listed in the Supplement Facts panel
Third-party testing certification (USP, NSF, ConsumerLab) if available

Red flags:

"Magnesium blend" or "proprietary magnesium complex" — you don't know what form you're getting
Listing only compound weight with no elemental magnesium — you can't calculate your dose
"Buffered" magnesium glycinate — often mixed with magnesium oxide to cut costs while still labeling as glycinate. Check for oxide in the ingredients list.

Price guide:

Quality magnesium glycinate: $10–20/month at 200–400 mg elemental/day
Premium brands with third-party testing: $20–30/month
Budget glycinate: $8–12/month — verify it's pure glycinate, not a glycinate-oxide blend

FAQ

Does magnesium glycinate cause the same laxative effects as citrate or oxide?

No — that's the primary clinical advantage. Because glycinate is absorbed through amino acid transport pathways, far less magnesium reaches the colon. Most people tolerate up to 400 mg elemental/day without bowel changes. This is critical because the effective dose range for sleep and anxiety (200–400 mg) is often not achievable with oxide or high-dose citrate due to GI intolerance.

Can I take it with calcium?

Yes, but separate by 2+ hours if taking high doses of both. They compete for the same intestinal transporters. Practical: calcium with breakfast, magnesium glycinate with dinner or before bed — timing that also aligns with each mineral's optimal circadian administration.

How long before results?

Sleep effects are sometimes noticeable on night 1 (via the glycine component). Anxiety reduction typically requires 2–4 weeks of consistent supplementation. Blood pressure and metabolic effects require 8–16 weeks. This supplements a mineral, not a neurotransmitter-targeted drug — tissue repletion takes time.

Is daily long-term use safe?

Yes, for adults with normal kidney function. Magnesium is a fundamental mineral with no known toxicity from dietary or supplemental intake at doses below 350 mg elemental/day (the Institute of Medicine's Tolerable Upper Intake Level from supplements). Long-term supplementation at these doses maintains adequate status — analogous to taking a daily multivitamin.

What's the difference between magnesium glycinate and magnesium bisglycinate?

They're the same thing. "Bisglycinate" emphasizes that two glycine molecules are chelated to each magnesium ion (the fully reacted form). Some manufacturers use "bisglycinate" to distinguish fully chelated product from buffered glycinate-oxide blends. Functionally equivalent at equivalent elemental doses.

Can I take magnesium glycinate during the day?

Yes, but be aware of its mild relaxing effect. For daytime anxiety, split the dose: 200 mg in the morning, 200 mg in the evening. It shouldn't cause drowsiness at moderate doses (200 mg), but individual sensitivity varies. If you feel sluggish after daytime dosing, reserve it for evening.

Why does my magnesium glycinate smell bad?

Magnesium glycinate naturally has a mild "fishy" or amine-like odor — this is from the glycine component and is normal. It's not a sign of spoilage. If the smell is overwhelmingly rancid or chemical, that's a quality concern, but mild odor is characteristic of the compound.

References

Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (2012) — Source
Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review (2017) — Source
de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease (2015) — Source
Pickering G, Mazur A, Trousselard M, Bienkowski P, Yaltsewa N, Amessou M, Noah L, Pouteau E Magnesium Status and Stress: The Vicious Circle Concept Revisited (2020) — Source
Eby GA, Eby KL Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment (2006) — Source
Tarleton EK, Littenberg B, MacLean CD, Kennedy AG, Daley C Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial (2017) — Source
Mah J, Pitre T Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) — Source
Rosanoff A, Weaver CM, Rude RK Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated? (2012) — Source
Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, Rosanoff A, Wang J, Zhang W, Song Y Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials (2016) — Source
Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Köhne-Volland R Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study (1996) — Source
Lindberg JS, Zobitz MM, Poindexter JR, Pak CY Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection (1990) — Source
Uwitonze AM, Razzaque MS Vitamin D and magnesium: a bidirectional relationship essential for human health (2018) — Source
Facchinetti F, Borella P, Sances G, Fioroni L, Nappi RE, Genazzani AR Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes (1991) — Source
Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial (2003) — Source

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