Effect-Based Guide
Calming botanicals range from subtle stress-support herbs to more noticeably sedating plants. This page distinguishes calming effect labels from sleep-promoting intensity and surfaces the evidence and safety context behind each profile.
Calming products may compound alcohol, sleep medications, antihistamines, or other sedatives. A mild label does not rule out impairment or interaction risk.
71 of 71 botanicals shown
Relationship graph
Mechanisms are shown as mechanistic context, not as proof of a clinical outcome. Outcome nodes use explicit effect data when available.
Nelumbo lutea
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Withania somnifera
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
CalmingSedating / sleepNeurobiologyInflammationMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Liver · caution thyroid disorders/thyroid medication
Withania somnifera
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Withanolides
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context
Safety signals
Hyperthyroidism · Sedation · GI upset
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
ImmuneadaptogenStimulating / energyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context
Safety signals
Transplant/immunosuppression without clinician guidance · autoimmune flare risk · Pregnancy / breastfeeding
Astragalus membranaceus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
ImmuneadaptogenStimulating / energyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · hormone-sensitive conditions without clinician review
Nymphaea caerulea
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingStimulating / energy · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · dopaminergic · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation · Seizure
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
liver_supportInflammationadaptogenCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation
Safety signals
Liver · Toxicity concern · Drug metabolism
Eschscholzia californica
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
Sedation · dizziness
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Hormonal / reproductivenervous_systemStimulating / energyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Mitochondrial Function · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Celastrus paniculatus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveadaptogenCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation
Safety signals
Sedation · Stimulation · Pregnancy / breastfeeding
Inonotus obliquus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
ImmuneantioxidantadaptogenCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants
Matricaria chamomilla
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Flavonoids
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Bleeding · Stimulation · evidence is supportive but not definitive.
Codonopsis pilosula
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingImmune · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Immune modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants
Crocus sativus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
MoodCognition / focusCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation
Safety signals
Serotonergic · Cardiovascular · Dependence / withdrawal
Turnera diffusa
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Hormonal / reproductiveMoodnervous_systemCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · dopaminergic · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · planned surgery or complex psychiatric medication regimens.
Eleutherococcus senticosus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenImmuneStimulating / energyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Cardiovascular · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · acute fever caution in some traditions
Foeniculum vulgare
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
DigestiveantispasmodicInflammationCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · hormone-sensitive conditions without clinician review
Gastrodia elata
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
neuroprotectiveCognition / focusanticonvulsantCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation · limited interaction data.
Centella asiatica
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Glycosides
Effects
Cardiovascularcollagen pathwaysvascular functionCognition / focusMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Vascular Function Support
Safety signals
Sedation · Generally well tolerated · rare photosensitivity
Vitis vinifera
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Flavonoids
Effects
antioxidantCardiovascularInflammationCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Vascular Function Support
Safety signals
Bleeding · Generally safe
Hibiscus sabdariffa
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
CalmingCardiovasculardiureticMechanisms · not outcomes
Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation · Vascular function support
Safety signals
Antihypertensives (additive) · Generally safe · Cardiovascular
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Phenolics, Flavonoids
Effects
CalmingMetabolicNeurobiologyInflammationMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · diabetes (monitor glucose) · antidiabetic drugs
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Phenolics
Effects
adaptogenCalmingInflammationMetabolic · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines
Humulus lupulus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · severe depression · hormone-sensitive conditions without review
Hypericum perforatum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Flavonoids
Effects
Moodanti_anxietyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Nardostachys jatamansi
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Ziziphus jujuba
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMetabolic · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress
Safety signals
Diabetes/glucose management if using sweet fruit products · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation
Mesembryanthemum tortuosum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Alkaloids
Effects
Moodanti_anxietyempathogenCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · serotonergic
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · bipolar/mania risk · Serotonergic
Piper methysticum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Lactones
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
alcohol · Liver · Toxicity concern
Lavandula angustifolia
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Terpenes / terpenoids
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Minimal · Sedation · Stimulation
Melissa officinalis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Phenolics
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation
Safety signals
Sedation · alcohol) · caution in hypothyroidism
Aloysia citrodora
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Kidney · Low documented interaction burden
Cymbopogon citratus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
InflammationantioxidantImmuneCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Metabolic Regulation · Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · internal essential-oil use · Low documented interaction burden
Dimocarpus longan
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Phenolics
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Magnolia officinalis
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Sedation · Bleeding
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenstaminaanabolic_supportCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
hormone-sensitive cancer such as estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer because maral root shows estrogen receptor-binding activity · Bleeding · known allergy to Asteraceae family plants because Rhaponticum carthamoides is in the daisy family
Avena sativa
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Celiac/gluten sensitivity unless certified gluten-free · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Low documented interaction burden
Silybum marianum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
antioxidantliver-protectiveCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Cellular Protection
Safety signals
Drug metabolism · GI upset · rare allergy
Mucuna pruriens
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
dopamine_supportneuroprotectiveHormonal / reproductiveCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Mitochondrial Support · Neurotransmitter Modulation
Safety signals
Psychosis/bipolar risk · melanoma history caution · Pregnancy / breastfeeding
Ptychopetalum olacoides
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Hormonal / reproductiveCognition / focusneuroprotectiveCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Mitochondrial Function · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
ImmuneInflammationrespiratoryCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · Bleeding
Nelumbo nucifera
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepInflammationantioxidantCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Metabolic Regulation · Stress Response Modulation · AMPK Signaling
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines
Avena sativa
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
nervous_systemCognition / focusHormonal / reproductiveCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Celiac disease/gluten sensitivity unless certified gluten-free · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Low documented interaction burden
Ocimum basilicum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Bleeding
Passiflora incarnata
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
Sedation · Serotonergic · Stimulation
Piper longum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
bioavailability_enhancerDigestiverespiratoryCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · significant reflux/ulcer disease · and prescription polypharmacy without supervision.
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveanti_anxietyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · gastritis/ulcer sensitivity · Sedation
Wolfiporia extensa
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
ImmuneadaptogenCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Kidney
Psoralea corylifolia
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
bone_healthskin_supportInflammationCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Liver · photosensitivity disorders
Ganoderma lucidum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayImmune · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation
Safety signals
autoimmune conditions (caution) · Bleeding · immunosuppressants
Rhodiola rosea
Human evidence
3 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenCalmingStimulating / energyMetabolic · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · AMPK Signaling
Safety signals
Stimulation · bipolar/mania vulnerability · Serotonergic
Crocus sativus
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Moodanti_anxietyCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Serotonergic
Salvia officinalis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Terpenes / terpenoids
Effects
Cognition / focusImmuneInflammationCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · high-dose essential oil use
Schisandra chinensis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Mitochondrial Support · Stress Response Modulation · Nrf2 Activation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Drug metabolism · Generally well tolerated
Schisandra chinensis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · active reflux/ulcer sensitivity · complex medication regimens without review
Schisandra chinensis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Nrf2 Activation · Nrf2
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · active reflux/ulcer sensitivity · complex medication regimens without review
Scutellaria baicalensis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Inflammationneuroprotectiveanti_anxietyCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation
Safety signals
Liver · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · immunosuppressive therapy without supervision
Serenoa repens
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
prostate_healthanti_androgenicurinary_supportCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Asparagus racemosus
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
adaptogenHormonal / reproductiveCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · Hormonal signaling context
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · hormone-sensitive conditions without review · May interact with hormone therapies
Scutellaria lateriflora
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
Sedation · Liver · Toxicity concern
Hypericum perforatum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Flavonoids
Effects
MoodnervineCalmingStimulating / energy · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · serotonergic
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · bipolar disorder · Drug metabolism
Stephania japonica
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
InflammationPain / discomfortCalmingresearch-pendingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants
Pfaffia paniculata
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Anti-inflammatory
Safety signals
hormone replacement therapy or hormonal contraceptives or other hormone-altering medication because suma has been shown to raise estradiol and testosterone and progesterone levels in research · estrogen-sensitive or hormone-sensitive cancer such as breast or prostate cancer without clinician guidance due to suma's documented hormonal activity · Pregnancy / breastfeeding
Syzygium aromaticum
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Phenolics
Effects
Pain / discomfortImmuneInflammationCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Bleeding · Liver · children for clove oil ingestion
Eurycoma longifolia
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Hormonal / reproductiveadaptogenCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · endocrine
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · prostate cancer or breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive condition because tongkat ali may raise testosterone · diabetes medication because it may have an additive blood-glucose-lowering effect and requires monitoring
Valeriana officinalis
Human evidence
1 mapped studies
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling
Safety signals
Sedation · alcohol · avoid pre-surgery
Valeriana officinalis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · neuroprotective
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · caution with alcohol · Sedation
Verbena officinalis
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
nervineanti_anxietyliver_supportCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation
Paeonia lactiflora
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
InflammationCalmingliver_supportImmune · pathwayMechanisms · not outcomes
Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation
Safety signals
Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Bleeding · may interact with immunomodulators.
Pausinystalia johimbe
Human evidence
Not counted
Chemistry
Not mapped
Effects
Sedating / sleepCalmingMechanisms · not outcomes
Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · cardiovascular
Safety signals
Cardiovascular · Stimulation · bipolar disorder/mania
| Botanical | Constituent chemistry | Mechanisms · not outcomes | Outcome / effect profile | Noticeability | Safety signals | Timing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Yellow Lotus Nelumbo lutea | Not yet mapped | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Ashwagandha Withania somnifera | Not yet mapped | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context | CalmingSedating / sleepNeurobiologyInflammationHormonal / reproductive | Unknown | Moderate | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Liver · caution thyroid disorders/thyroid medication · hormone-sensitive prostate cancer | Not established |
| Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Withania somnifera | Withaferin A, Withanolide A, Withanolides, Withanoside IV Withanolides Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) contains_compound Withaferin A · Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) contains_compound Withanolide A | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Strong | 1 | Hyperthyroidism · Sedation · GI upset · Stimulation | Not established |
| Astragalus | astragaloside iv, calycosin, Formononetin Astragalus contains_compound astragaloside iv · Astragalus contains_compound calycosin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation | ImmuneadaptogenStimulating / energyCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Transplant/immunosuppression without clinician guidance · autoimmune flare risk · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · May counter immunosuppressants | Not established |
| Astragalus Membranaceus Astragalus membranaceus | Astragalin, Astragaloside IV, Calycosin, Formononetin Astragalus Membranaceus contains_compound Astragalin · Astragalus Membranaceus contains_compound Astragaloside IV | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation | ImmuneadaptogenStimulating / energyCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · hormone-sensitive conditions without clinician review · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines | Not established |
| Blue Lotus Nymphaea caerulea | puerarin Blue Lotus contains_compound puerarin | Stress Response Modulation · dopaminergic · HPA-axis modulation · Dopamine modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingStimulating / energy · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation · Seizure · active psychiatric instability without clinician review. | Not established |
| Bupleurum | saikosaponin a Bupleurum contains_compound saikosaponin a | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB | liver_supportInflammationadaptogenCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Liver · Toxicity concern · Drug metabolism · history of drug-induced pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease because Bupleurum-containing formulas such as Sho-saiko-to have documented acute pneumonitis case reports | Not established |
| California Poppy Eschscholzia californica | Not yet mapped | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Sedation · dizziness | Not established |
| Catuba | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · Mitochondrial Function · HPA-axis modulation · Mitochondrial biogenesis | Hormonal / reproductivenervous_systemStimulating / energyCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Celastrus Paniculatus Celastrus paniculatus | Not yet mapped | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveadaptogenCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Sedation · Stimulation · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Liver | Not established |
| Chaga Inonotus obliquus | betulinic acid Chaga contains_compound betulinic acid | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | ImmuneantioxidantadaptogenCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Chamomile Matricaria chamomilla | Apigenin, Bisabolol, chamazulene, Farnesol Flavonoids Chamomile contains_compound Apigenin · Chamomile contains_compound Bisabolol | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Moderate | — | Bleeding · Stimulation · evidence is supportive but not definitive. · do not imply sleep duration/efficiency improvements are consistent. | Not established |
| Codonopsis Codonopsis pilosula | Not yet mapped | Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Immune modulation · HPA-axis modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingImmune · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Crocus Sativus Crocus sativus | Crocetin, Crocin Crocus Sativus contains_compound Crocetin · Crocus Sativus contains_compound Crocin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | MoodCognition / focusCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Serotonergic · Cardiovascular · Dependence / withdrawal · Stimulation | Not established |
| Damiana Turnera diffusa | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · dopaminergic · HPA-axis modulation · Dopamine modulation | Hormonal / reproductiveMoodnervous_systemCalmingStimulating / energy · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · planned surgery or complex psychiatric medication regimens. · Sedation | Not established |
| Eleuthero Eleutherococcus senticosus | chlorogenic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E Eleuthero CONTAINS / ASSOCIATED CONSTITUENT chlorogenic acid · Eleuthero contains_compound eleutheroside B | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · AMPK Signaling | adaptogenImmuneStimulating / energyCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Cardiovascular · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · acute fever caution in some traditions · Stimulation | Not established |
| Fennel Foeniculum vulgare | anethole Fennel contains_compound anethole | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · Anti-inflammatory | DigestiveantispasmodicInflammationCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · hormone-sensitive conditions without clinician review · Possible estrogenic interaction concerns with concentrated use. | Not established |
| Gastrodia Gastrodia elata | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroprotective activity | neuroprotectiveCognition / focusanticonvulsantCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation · limited interaction data. · CNS-active potential | Not established |
| Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) Centella asiatica | Asiatic acid, Asiaticoside, Madecassic acid, Madecassoside Glycosides Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) contains_compound Asiatic acid · Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) contains_compound Asiaticoside | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation | Cardiovascularcollagen pathwaysvascular functionCognition / focusCalming | Unknown | Unclassified | — | Sedation · Generally well tolerated · rare photosensitivity · Pregnancy / breastfeeding | Not established |
| Grape Vitis vinifera | catechin, proanthocyanidins, Pterostilbene, Resveratrol Flavonoids Grape CONTAINS / ASSOCIATED CONSTITUENT catechin · Grape contains_compound proanthocyanidins | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation | antioxidantCardiovascularInflammationCalmingMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Unclassified | — | Bleeding · Generally safe | Not established |
| Hibiscus Hibiscus sabdariffa | Not yet mapped | Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation · Vascular function support · HPA-axis modulation | CalmingCardiovasculardiuretic | Unknown | Unclassified | — | Antihypertensives (additive) · Generally safe · Cardiovascular | Not established |
| Holy Basil / Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Ocimum tenuiflorum | Eugenol, luteolin, methyl eugenol, Rosmarinic acid Phenolics, Flavonoids Holy Basil / Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) contains_compound Eugenol · Holy Basil / Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) CONTAINS / ASSOCIATED CONSTITUENT luteolin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation | CalmingMetabolicNeurobiologyInflammationcortisol_modulation | Unknown | Moderate | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · diabetes (monitor glucose) · antidiabetic drugs · Bleeding | Not established |
| Holy Basil Purple Ocimum tenuiflorum | Eugenol Phenolics Holy Basil Purple contains_compound Eugenol | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation · Stress Response Modulation | adaptogenCalmingInflammationMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Hops Humulus lupulus | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · severe depression · hormone-sensitive conditions without review · Sedation | Not established |
| Hypericum Perforatum Hypericum perforatum | Hyperforin, Hypericin, Quercetin, rutin Flavonoids Hypericum Perforatum contains_compound Hyperforin · Hypericum Perforatum contains_compound Hypericin | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Moodanti_anxietyCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · Drug metabolism | Not established |
| Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroprotective activity | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Jujube Ziziphus jujuba | betulinic acid, Ursolic Acid Jujube CONTAINS / ASSOCIATED CONSTITUENT betulinic acid · Jujube CONTAINS / ASSOCIATED CONSTITUENT Ursolic Acid | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress · Glucose Metabolism | Sedating / sleepCalmingMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Diabetes/glucose management if using sweet fruit products · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Sedation · monitor glucose with high fruit intake. | Not established |
| Kanna Mesembryanthemum tortuosum | mesembrenone, mesembrine Alkaloids Kanna contains_compound mesembrenone · Kanna contains_compound mesembrine | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · serotonergic · Neurotransmitter modulation | Moodanti_anxietyempathogenCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · bipolar/mania risk · Serotonergic · active psychiatric medication use without clinician oversight. | Not established |
| Kava Piper methysticum | desmethoxyyangonin, dihydrokavain, dihydromethysticin, kavain Lactones Kava contains_compound desmethoxyyangonin · Kava contains_compound dihydrokavain | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Moderate | — | alcohol · Liver · Toxicity concern · Sedation | Not established |
| Lavender Lavandula angustifolia | Linalool Terpenes / terpenoids Lavender contains_compound Linalool | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Strong | — | Minimal · Sedation · Stimulation · Do not imply any lavender product has the same evidence | Not established |
| Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis | Rosmarinic acid Phenolics Lemon Balm contains_compound Rosmarinic acid | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Moderate | — | Sedation · alcohol) · caution in hypothyroidism · Stimulation | Not established |
| Lemon Verbena Aloysia citrodora | verbascoside Lemon Verbena contains_compound verbascoside | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress · Antioxidant | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Kidney · Low documented interaction burden · Sedation | Not established |
| Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus | citronellal Lemongrass contains_compound citronellal | Metabolic Regulation · Vascular Function Support · Stress Response Modulation · Metabolic regulation | InflammationantioxidantImmuneCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · internal essential-oil use · Low documented interaction burden · Sedation | Not established |
| Longan Dimocarpus longan | gallic acid Phenolics Longan contains_compound gallic acid | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress · Antioxidant | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Magnolia Magnolia officinalis | honokiol, magnolol Magnolia contains_compound honokiol · Magnolia contains_compound magnolol | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Traditional / preclinical | 1 | Sedation · Bleeding | Not established |
| Maral Root | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | adaptogenstaminaanabolic_supportCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | hormone-sensitive cancer such as estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer because maral root shows estrogen receptor-binding activity · Bleeding · known allergy to Asteraceae family plants because Rhaponticum carthamoides is in the daisy family · Stimulation | Not established |
| Milk Oats Avena sativa | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Celiac/gluten sensitivity unless certified gluten-free · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Low documented interaction burden · Sedation | Not established |
| Milk Thistle Silybum marianum | silybin Milk Thistle contains_compound silybin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Cellular Protection · Stress Response Modulation | antioxidantliver-protectiveCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Moderate | — | Drug metabolism · GI upset · rare allergy | Not established |
| Mucuna Mucuna pruriens | Not yet mapped | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Mitochondrial Support · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | dopamine_supportneuroprotectiveHormonal / reproductiveCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Psychosis/bipolar risk · melanoma history caution · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · use with levodopa drugs without clinician supervision | Not established |
| Muira Puama Ptychopetalum olacoides | beta-sitosterol Muira Puama contains_compound beta-sitosterol | Stress Response Modulation · Mitochondrial Function · HPA-axis modulation · Mitochondrial biogenesis | Hormonal / reproductiveCognition / focusneuroprotectiveCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Myrtle | Not yet mapped | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress · Antioxidant | ImmuneInflammationrespiratoryCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · Bleeding · diabetes medication because myrtle may have an additive blood-glucose-lowering effect | Not established |
| Nelumbo Nucifera Nelumbo nucifera | Magnoflorine Nelumbo Nucifera contains_compound Magnoflorine | Metabolic Regulation · Stress Response Modulation · AMPK Signaling · NF-kB Modulation | Sedating / sleepInflammationantioxidantCalmingMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines · immunosuppressants | Not established |
| Oatstraw Avena sativa | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | nervous_systemCognition / focusHormonal / reproductiveCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Celiac disease/gluten sensitivity unless certified gluten-free · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Low documented interaction burden · Sedation | Not established |
| Ocimum Basilicum Ocimum basilicum | Methyleugenol Ocimum Basilicum contains_compound Methyleugenol | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Bleeding · Sedation | Not established |
| Passionflower Passiflora incarnata | Not yet mapped | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Moderate | 1 | Sedation · Serotonergic · Stimulation | Not established |
| Piper Longum Piper longum | Piperine, Piperlongumine Piper Longum contains_compound Piperine · Piper Longum contains_compound Piperlongumine | Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB | bioavailability_enhancerDigestiverespiratoryCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · significant reflux/ulcer disease · and prescription polypharmacy without supervision. · Drug metabolism | Not established |
| Polygala | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroprotective activity | Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveanti_anxietyCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · gastritis/ulcer sensitivity · Sedation · limited clinical data. | Not established |
| Poria Wolfiporia extensa | Not yet mapped | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Anti-inflammatory | ImmuneadaptogenCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Kidney · Potential interaction concern with antihypertensives/diuretics | Not established |
| Psoralea Corylifolia Psoralea corylifolia | Angelicin, Bergapten, Psoralen Psoralea Corylifolia contains_compound Angelicin · Psoralea Corylifolia contains_compound Bergapten | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation · Hormonal Signaling Context | bone_healthskin_supportInflammationCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Liver · photosensitivity disorders · melanoma/skin-cancer risk | Not established |
| Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) Ganoderma lucidum | beta-glucans Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) contains_compound beta-glucans | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathwayImmune · pathway | Unknown | Traditional / preclinical | — | autoimmune conditions (caution) · Bleeding · immunosuppressants · or aspirin | Not established |
| Rhodiola Rhodiola rosea | Rosarin, Rosavin, Rosin, Salidroside Rhodiola contains_compound Rosarin · Rhodiola contains_compound Rosavin | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · AMPK Signaling · AMPK | adaptogenCalmingStimulating / energyMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | 3 | Stimulation · bipolar/mania vulnerability · Serotonergic · cardiovascular conditions | Not established |
| Saffron Crocus sativus | Crocetin, Crocin, safranal Saffron contains_compound Crocetin · Saffron contains_compound Crocin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | Moodanti_anxietyCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | 1 | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Serotonergic · Bleeding | Not established |
| Sage Salvia officinalis | Carnosic acid, carvacrol, Oleanolic acid, thujone Terpenes / terpenoids Sage contains_compound Carnosic acid · Sage contains_compound carvacrol | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity | Cognition / focusImmuneInflammationCalmingMetabolic · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Seizure · high-dose essential oil use · Sedation | Not established |
| Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) Schisandra chinensis | Schisandrin, schisandrin B Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) contains_compound Schisandrin · Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) contains_compound schisandrin B | Mitochondrial Support · Stress Response Modulation · Nrf2 Activation · Oxidative Stress | adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalming | Unknown | Unclassified | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Drug metabolism · Generally well tolerated · GI upset possible | Not established |
| Schisandra Berry Schisandra chinensis | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroendocrine modulation | adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · active reflux/ulcer sensitivity · complex medication regimens without review · Drug metabolism | Not established |
| Schisandra Chinensis Schisandra chinensis | Schisandrin Schisandra Chinensis contains_compound Schisandrin | Stress Response Modulation · Nrf2 Activation · Nrf2 · HPA-axis modulation | adaptogenliver_supportCognition / focusCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · active reflux/ulcer sensitivity · complex medication regimens without review · Drug metabolism | Not established |
| Scutellaria Baicalensis Scutellaria baicalensis | Baicalein, Baicalin, Wogonin Scutellaria Baicalensis contains_compound Baicalein · Scutellaria Baicalensis contains_compound Baicalin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation | Inflammationneuroprotectiveanti_anxietyCalmingImmune · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Liver · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · immunosuppressive therapy without supervision · and complex oncology regimens. | Not established |
| Serenoa Repens Serenoa repens | Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol Serenoa Repens contains_compound Beta-sitosterol · Serenoa Repens contains_compound Stigmasterol | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Metabolic Regulation · Hormonal Signaling Context | prostate_healthanti_androgenicurinary_supportCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with antidiabetic medicines · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Shankhpushpi | Not yet mapped | Stress Response Modulation · Neuroprotective Activity · HPA-axis modulation · Neuroprotective activity | Cognition / focusneuroprotectiveCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Shatavari Asparagus racemosus | Not yet mapped | Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · Hormonal signaling context · HPA-axis modulation | adaptogenHormonal / reproductiveCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · hormone-sensitive conditions without review · May interact with hormone therapies · diuretics | Not established |
| Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora | Baicalein, Baicalin, Wogonin Skullcap contains_compound Baicalein · Skullcap contains_compound Baicalin | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Sedation · Liver · Toxicity concern · unclear causality) | Not established |
| St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Hypericum perforatum | Hyperforin, Hypericin, Kaempferol, Quercetin Flavonoids St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) contains_compound Hyperforin · St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) contains_compound Hypericin | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · serotonergic · dopaminergic | MoodnervineCalmingStimulating / energy · pathway | Unknown | Unclassified | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · bipolar disorder · Drug metabolism · reduces effectiveness of many medications | Not established |
| Stephania Japonica Stephania japonica | Cepharanthine Stephania Japonica contains_compound Cepharanthine | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB · Anti-inflammatory | InflammationPain / discomfortCalmingresearch-pending | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Potential interaction concern with immunosuppressants · use clinician review for high-dose extracts or chronic use. | Not established |
| Suma Pfaffia paniculata | Not yet mapped | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Anti-inflammatory · HPA-axis modulation | Sedating / sleepCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | hormone replacement therapy or hormonal contraceptives or other hormone-altering medication because suma has been shown to raise estradiol and testosterone and progesterone levels in research · estrogen-sensitive or hormone-sensitive cancer such as breast or prostate cancer without clinician guidance due to suma's documented hormonal activity · Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Limited human safety data | Not established |
| Syzygium Aromaticum Syzygium aromaticum | Eugenol Phenolics Syzygium Aromaticum contains_compound Eugenol | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Oxidative Stress Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Oxidative Stress | Pain / discomfortImmuneInflammationCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Bleeding · Liver · children for clove oil ingestion · Pregnancy / breastfeeding | Not established |
| Tongkat Ali Eurycoma longifolia | Not yet mapped | Hormonal Signaling Context · Stress Response Modulation · endocrine · Hormonal signaling context | Hormonal / reproductiveadaptogenCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | 1 | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · prostate cancer or breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive condition because tongkat ali may raise testosterone · diabetes medication because it may have an additive blood-glucose-lowering effect and requires monitoring · Bleeding | Not established |
| Valerian Valeriana officinalis | Valepotriates, Valerenic acid, Valerenol Valerian contains_compound Valepotriates · Valerian contains_compound Valerenic acid | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Neurotransmitter Signaling · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Moderate | 1 | Sedation · alcohol · avoid pre-surgery · May improve subjective sleep quality in some people | Not established |
| Valeriana officinalis Valeriana officinalis | Valerenic Acid Valeriana officinalis contains_compound Valerenic Acid | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · neuroprotective · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Moderate | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · caution with alcohol · Sedation · benzodiazepines | Not established |
| Verbena Officinalis Verbena officinalis | Acteoside Verbena Officinalis contains_compound Acteoside | Stress Response Modulation · NF-kB Modulation · NF-kB · HPA-axis modulation | nervineanti_anxietyliver_supportCalmingInflammation · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · known allergy to the plant/family · Sedation · immunosuppressants | Not established |
| White Peony Paeonia lactiflora | paeoniflorin White Peony contains_compound paeoniflorin | Inflammatory Signaling Modulation · Immune Signaling Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · Anti-inflammatory | InflammationCalmingliver_supportImmune · pathway | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Pregnancy / breastfeeding · Bleeding · may interact with immunomodulators. · CNS-active potential | Not established |
| Yohimbe Pausinystalia johimbe | Not yet mapped | Neurotransmitter Modulation · Stress Response Modulation · cardiovascular · Neurotransmitter modulation | Sedating / sleepCalming | Unknown | Preliminary | — | Cardiovascular · Stimulation · bipolar disorder/mania · Liver | Not established |
Active Chemistry Guide
Compare botanicals containing alkaloid-class constituents by effects, evidence, noticeability, timing, and safety signals.
Effect-Based Guide
Compare stimulating and energy-associated botanicals by active chemistry, evidence, noticeability, timing, and cardiovascular safety signals.
Perception & Dream Guide
Compare botanicals associated with dreams, lucid dreaming, perception changes, or psychoactive effects by evidence and safety.
Medication Safety Guide
Compare botanicals flagged for serotonergic or MAOI-related interaction concerns, including evidence, effects, and additional safety signals.
Educational use only
These comparisons summarize normalized reference data. They do not verify a commercial product, establish a dose, diagnose a condition, or determine whether a botanical is safe for an individual.